The author presents a detailed analysis of the evolution of anthropology in Venezuela during this century. She identifies two great stages: one before the decade of the fifties characterized by the positivism cultivated by some scholars influences by European thought, particularly form Germany and France; and the second one, as of the foundation of the Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research (1952) and other anthropology and sociology schools, marked by a boasian and functionalist influence. Clarac makes a critical revision of current anthropological work in Venezuela and suggest the need to return to field work and to “make” anthropology from the South. That is, from this region’s current and historical reality.