Essentially, the article refers to a perspective of the right to self-determination of people and nations, meaning the latter as a whole, which allows people to develop it, whether making it concrete within the creation of a different political and territorial frame or searching new ways of alliance with a State. The article outstands that life presumes situations of facts to the cautious legislative developments, which respond more to the State own interests rather than the striving of people. The historical and present characteristics are important for the performance of the right to self-determination, but the essential fact is the existence of the will of maintaining their identities and to struggle in order to achieve the performance of the mentioned right. There is a deliberation regarding the concept of minorities within the frame of plurinational states from the international normativity. The article declares that autonomy can be a phase or a way to selfdetermination for a human community an two statements are distinguished regarding this concept: a) a way to “release pressure” of the states by means of the administrative regionalization or decentralization; that is, the autonomy as a State concession and b) a way of development and organization of a human group which allows to safeguard its characteristics and to preserve its determination of the future; that is, the autonomy as a right of the human group who receives it. If autonomy is utilized to lessen the righteous concern and the rights of a human collective, it becomes a new oppression frame and it looses its reason of existing. Within this context, the situation of the people from the vasco region is exposed, distributed between two states within three different administrative divisions, without acknowledging their condition of community in none of the mentioned states, without any access to any international environment as such, and faced and submitted by two states, specially obstinate with centralism. The conclusion is that the human communities and nations have the absolute right to struggle for the acknowledgment of their rights in defense of their future and as a necessary legacy of humanity.