Revista Alteridades|
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Revista Alteridades
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Presentación - Estado nacional, auto-determinación y autonomÃashot!
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Tal vez la autonomía, en el contexto latinoamericano, es una de las aspiraciones y conceptos que mejor definen la idea de dignidad e integridad de individuos y colectividades de origen indígena. Al menos, éste parece ser el sentido profundo de tal reivindicación entre los agrupamientos étnicos y nacionales, hoy amenazados por los procesos de globalización neoliberal de la economía y de la cultura. Según su etimología, se trata del goce de la “libertad para gobernarse bajo sus propias leyes”, opuesta, en consecuencia, a una situación de dependencia y subordinación. Casi siempre la autonomía connota una forma de inclusividad en la nación de los grupos diferenciados, y se encuentra asociada a la idea de participación en procesos democráticos en términos de igualdad efectiva.
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PsicosociologÃa de los movimientos nacionalitarios de Europa Occidentalhot!
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Jokin Apalategi. Psycho-sociology of nationalitarian movements of Western Europe.
The fundamental aim of this work consists in pointing out the nationalitarian term such as effective and scientific in order to observe and explain the appearance of territorial regeneration and linguistico-cultural recovery plans. The latter assert themselves in formerly identified towns and communities which, in more recent times of history, had disappeared on behalf of the plan the Modern State created on the Nation. In different parts of the world, in an era where planetarization of the system is clearly predominant, the collective action forms, based on the ethnic group and the nation, have been relaunched trying to attribute a stable and recognized basis to the identity of individuals and groups, in a context that has lost its traditional borders. What does the fact that the same kind of nationalitarian movements occurred as much within consolidated democracies as in authoritarian systems mean? Which are the laws that follow those processes? How is it possible that an historical social framework which was belittled to collective memory, works again with a promising plan? What are the conditions that cause in fact the structuring of nationalitarian movements? How is the nationalitarian categorization and identification made? What part does the symbolic and representational production play in the identity recovery? In what conditions do minority movements manage to be triumphant? What is the role of values in collective decision-makings?
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La cuestión nacional catalana en la España contemporáneahot!
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Claudio Esteva Fabregat. The Catalonian national issue in contemporary Spain.
In this paper the author focuses on Spanish political questions related with regional and national autonomous communities. The main approach is devoted to the analysis of the kind of Catalan integration in the context of contemporary Spain/State/Nation. The items more analyzed are adaptive strategies resulting of the dialectical confrontations between the central Spanish government institutions and Catalan self government. It is also discussed the asymmetrical composition of regional identities with respect to Catalonia in terms of culture, language, history and ethnic identity. Moreover, the author emphasize the economic and linguistic problems, including bilingualism, and the emerging questions related with the learning and political meaning associated with the use of Catalan and Castilian language in Catalonia. Additionally, Esteva refers to the practice of a kind of symmetrical federalism while at the same time Catalans reject it, considering in that sense nationalistic parties prefers political free association or a confederal pact with Spanish State.
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AutonomÃa y derecho de autodeterminación: el caso del PaÃs Vascohot!
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Jone Goirizelaia. Autonomy and self-determination right: the País Vasco case.
Essentially, the article refers to a perspective of the right to self-determination of people and nations, meaning the latter as a whole, which allows people to develop it, whether making it concrete within the creation of a different political and territorial frame or searching new ways of alliance with a State. The article outstands that life presumes situations of facts to the cautious legislative developments, which respond more to the State own interests rather than the striving of people. The historical and present characteristics are important for the performance of the right to self-determination, but the essential fact is the existence of the will of maintaining their identities and to struggle in order to achieve the performance of the mentioned right. There is a deliberation regarding the concept of minorities within the frame of plurinational states from the international normativity. The article declares that autonomy can be a phase or a way to selfdetermination for a human community an two statements are distinguished regarding this concept: a) a way to “release pressure” of the states by means of the administrative regionalization or decentralization; that is, the autonomy as a State concession and b) a way of development and organization of a human group which allows to safeguard its characteristics and to preserve its determination of the future; that is, the autonomy as a right of the human group who receives it. If autonomy is utilized to lessen the righteous concern and the rights of a human collective, it becomes a new oppression frame and it looses its reason of existing. Within this context, the situation of the people from the vasco region is exposed, distributed between two states within three different administrative divisions, without acknowledging their condition of community in none of the mentioned states, without any access to any international environment as such, and faced and submitted by two states, specially obstinate with centralism. The conclusion is that the human communities and nations have the absolute right to struggle for the acknowledgment of their rights in defense of their future and as a necessary legacy of humanity.
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