Revista Alteridades
Revista Alteridades
Fecha
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EpÃlogo. Reflexiones finales sobre derechoshot!
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Christina Bratt Paulston. Epílogo. Reflexiones finales sobre derechos humanos lingüísticos
Como solemos decir los suecos, es fácil hablar de una rosa-tulipán (queriendo significar un cruce entre flores), pero otro asunto es cultivarla. También es fácil hablar de los derechos humanos lingüísticos (DHL), pero mucho más difícil es definirlos y más aún ponerlos en práctica. Es un concepto escabroso para definirlo, basado como está en los derechos humanos y de hecho. Como nuestra rosa-tulipán, no existe; por lo menos no existe como realidad legal. Este epílogo no es el lugar para dar definiciones; remito al lector a la bibliografía del libro Linguistic Human Rights (Skutnabb-Kangas y Phillipson, eds., 1994) como fuente de referencia.
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PolÃtica del lenguaje y derechos humanos lingüÃsticos en los Estados bálticoshot!
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Ina Druviete. Linguistic human rights in the Baltic states.
The Baltic States - Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia - have regained their independence in 1991. During their 50- year period of incorporation into the USSR great ethnodemographic changes have taken place. The percentage of members of the titular nations diminished significantly in relation to the total population. And a decrease in the use of Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian, as well as asymmetric bilingualism, were observed. All three states adopted Language Laws in 1988 which determined that the respective titular languages were to be the only official state languages. Nowadays the related changes in the language hierarchies are slowly taking place; the new state languages. are stepby- step replacing the Russian language, which previously covered all important sociolinguistic functions. The main goal of language policy in the Baltic states is to create a linguistically normalized society, where the titular languages function as the real state languages, and where loyal minorities live within a legal framework of cultural autonomy. This article analyzes the concept of collective linguistic rights for the Russian-speaking population, as well as the individual’s linguistic human rights in the Baltic states, against their political, ethnodemographic, and psychological background.
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La hispanofobia del movimiento "Inglés oficial" en los Estados Unidos por la oficialización del...hot!
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Ana Celia Zentella. La hispanofobia del movimiento "Inglés oficial" en los Estados Unidos por la oficialización del inglés
The Hispanophobia of the Official English Movement in the US.The greatest efforts ever made to restrict language in the US since the post W.W.I period have been taking place since 1980. Language policy in three areas—the language of government, the language of employment and the language of the schools— affect the human rights of 32 million members of language minority families, but they are targeted most specifically at the group that represents the majority: Spanish speakers. In response, defense of Spanish has served to unite diverse groups of Latinos despite differences in migration history, socio-economic profiles, and political affiliations. Of particular interest is the relationship between the positions that a group takes on the issue of making English the official language of the US and on the issue of eliminating the services that might be affected by English-only legislation. This paper reports on the views of more than 300 Latinos in New York City, and compares them with those of Euro-American, African Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, and others.
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Escrituralidad, preservación de la lengua y derechos humanos lingüÃsticos: tres casos ilustrativoshot!
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Nancy H. Hornberger. Literacy, language maintenance, and linguistic human rights: some telling cases.
Drawing on multi-year ethnographic research in Quechua-speaking communities of highland Peru and in Cambodian and Puerto Rican communities in inner city Philadelphia, this paper explores the degree to which the development of literacy in minority languages does or does not contribute to minority linguistic human rights and to minority language maintenance. The cases of the cyclical immigrant / citizen Puerto Rican population in the US, of the newly arrived Southeast Asian refugee populations in the US, and of a long-oppressed indigenous population in Peru provide three unique and different contexts in which to explore these issues, so central to local and national identities in an increasingly mobile and ethnically jigsawed world. The cases confirm that the relationship between literacy and language and culture maintenance is a complicated one, in which empowerment plays a significant role. They also highlight questions about various counterpoised dimensions of linguistic human rights - tolerance and promotion, individual and communal freedoms, freedom from discrimination and freedom for use, claims-to and claims-against. The paper concludes by suggesting that the promotion of linguistic human rights will have to continually confront difficult ethical choices and that the guiding principles in those choices must be to balance the counterpoints of those dimensions for the mutual protection of all.
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